1o.6.2018.
Case study is not case history. Learn it.. Class started
First class :
Today we started off by discussing what a case study is.
Case study follows both qualitative and Quantitative approaches.
It is the in depth, and detailed examination of a subject of study, as well as its related contextual conditions. It gives emphasis particularly to solve a critical issue, or subject of investigation.
It is the In depth, and detailed examination of a subject of study, as well as its related contextual conditions. It gives emphasis particularly to solve a critical issue, or subject of investigation.
Sir then sent us a picture of food. With the help of clues and by giving us direction, sir asked us to write a case study on it. The major aspect focused on was context.
After considering different aspects and a lot of questioning and discussion, Akshita wrote a report:
Case study follows both qualitative and Quantitative approaches.
It is the in depth, and detailed examination of a subject of study, as well as its related contextual conditions. It gives emphasis particularly to solve a critical issue, or subject of investigation.
It is the In depth, and detailed examination of a subject of study, as well as its related contextual conditions. It gives emphasis particularly to solve a critical issue, or subject of investigation.
Sir then sent us a picture of food. With the help of clues and by giving us direction, sir asked us to write a case study on it. The major aspect focused on was context.
After considering different aspects and a lot of questioning and discussion, Akshita wrote a report:
*Title: A case study of Chinese food combo with mango juice
Content: fried rice, manchurian, packed mango juice
Observation:
1. hight demand of commodity during evening time
2. Food tastes Good
3. Staff quality is good (PVR)
4. Selling price of the commodity =169
5. No sales promotion techniques are being practices
1. hight demand of commodity during evening time
2. Food tastes Good
3. Staff quality is good (PVR)
4. Selling price of the commodity =169
5. No sales promotion techniques are being practices
Assumption
1. Availability od AC as it's a PVR
2. Consumers belong to middle to high standards of living
1. Availability od AC as it's a PVR
2. Consumers belong to middle to high standards of living
Statement of problem: cost effectiveness for consumers as per quality and quantity of food?*
We then focused on the aspects of future events, which required us to discuss business strategy and global trends. We discussed aspects such as Supply chain management and Product positioning etc. Propaganda can be done with the help of media. Mouth propaganda can also help. For example,Transperancy in preparation of food by introducing glass wall between serving counter and kitchen. This can build trust with customers.
After this discussion, all these aspects are going to be clubbed together into a 200 word case study report.
2nd class
Ankita Joshi summarizes - In today's class we continue to discuss the topic of the previous class, case study. We focused on the discussions that we did the previous day and further discussed the exact area of focus, ie: Determinants, Consequences, benefits, limitations, recommendations of the event.
•Event : In shopping mall, different categories of people are eating Chinese combo.
•Determinants : cooking at home is not required, passing leisure, chatting with others.
•Consequences : further visit
•Limitations : regular taking such food can invite complications
•Recommendations: Supply chain management and Product positioning etc. Propaganda can be done with the help of media. Mouth propaganda can also help.
•Event : In shopping mall, different categories of people are eating Chinese combo.
•Determinants : cooking at home is not required, passing leisure, chatting with others.
•Consequences : further visit
•Limitations : regular taking such food can invite complications
•Recommendations: Supply chain management and Product positioning etc. Propaganda can be done with the help of media. Mouth propaganda can also help.
*In a word through case study we do SWOT analysis. SWOT stands for:
Strength Weaknesses Opportunity and Threats.
The strength here was Goodwill,
The weakness was the price.
The opportunity could be the First mover innovative technique, the easily available food etc
And the threat can be the competition, unhealthy food.
*We then discussed the difference between weakness and threat.Weakness is fault in procedure. Threat is external agent which affects the work/procedure.
Thus Weaknesses is internal and threat is external.
*Then we discussed the difference between strength and opportunity. An example of strength would be that the individuals have adequate knowledge about NET examination, questions and answers.
The opportunity would be that despite of it, they are following activities here. So the opportunity to learn and improve.
Strength Weaknesses Opportunity and Threats.
The strength here was Goodwill,
The weakness was the price.
The opportunity could be the First mover innovative technique, the easily available food etc
And the threat can be the competition, unhealthy food.
*We then discussed the difference between weakness and threat.Weakness is fault in procedure. Threat is external agent which affects the work/procedure.
Thus Weaknesses is internal and threat is external.
*Then we discussed the difference between strength and opportunity. An example of strength would be that the individuals have adequate knowledge about NET examination, questions and answers.
The opportunity would be that despite of it, they are following activities here. So the opportunity to learn and improve.
Active members : Mony Singh, Pratima Singh Bindu Ahlawat SheoranAkshita Bindal Ankita and Vipul Kumar Singh were today's active members.
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5.6.2018
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Date:16. 5.18
ime: 8 PM
Topic: Grounded theory
Grounded theory is in class
Ankita Joshi wrote :Today's topic was grounded theory today.
*Grounded theory is qualitative research method. Usually we assume data are numerics but in grounded theory, grounded data are text.
*GT has few steps -
Ankita Joshi wrote :Today's topic was grounded theory today.
*Grounded theory is qualitative research method. Usually we assume data are numerics but in grounded theory, grounded data are text.
*GT has few steps -
•preparation,
•Data collection,
•analysis,
•memoing,
•sorting and
•theoretical outlines.
*There is no predetermined hypotheses in case of grounded theory. Thus it can be said that it uses an exploratory approach
*The process of observation is used.
*There is no predetermined hypotheses in case of grounded theory. Thus it can be said that it uses an exploratory approach
*The process of observation is used.
*The last step to GTis the development of a new theory based on the findings and outcome.
*We then understood the procedure of GT in much more details with the help of an activity.
Since we know that the *first* step is to observe, we observed the group and framed questions.
Q1. Is it possible to conduct class in whatsapp?
Q2. What is the justification for such class?
Q3. Are the students obedient?
*Thus, we have reached the stage where we have questions, that need to be answered.
*In order to get the answer, we have to collect data.
*So *second* step is data collection.
Q2. What is the justification for such class?
Q3. Are the students obedient?
*Thus, we have reached the stage where we have questions, that need to be answered.
*In order to get the answer, we have to collect data.
*So *second* step is data collection.
In order to collect the data, the questions must be open ended. The following are questions that could be used in order to collect data:
• How important do students perceive instructor presence as a factor in their
success in or satisfaction with an online class?
• What experiences do students use to define instructor presence in an
online classroom?
• How important is an instructor’s facilitation of collaborative
learning?
• How important is an instructor’s design and construction of a course?
• How important is an instructor’s ability to give online assistance?
success in or satisfaction with an online class?
• What experiences do students use to define instructor presence in an
online classroom?
• How important is an instructor’s facilitation of collaborative
learning?
• How important is an instructor’s design and construction of a course?
• How important is an instructor’s ability to give online assistance?
From this the conclusion that can be drawn is, the process of Data Collection has to be deep.
*Process of interview will be the helpful to with which we will collect the data. We will try to inculcate the questions in the interview. Interview will be intensive but not directed to the questions in mind.
*We further tried to explore the question, “what is the justification for such a class”
To this the answer that we got over that, it is an easily accessible social platform where we can interact with other individual and broaden our prospective. We gain knowledge which is slightly different from the bookish knowledge.
We then framed more questions in order to enquire about the statements in details.
From this procedure we came to the conclusion that data collection and analysis work simultaneously. One is the input of other.
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Date:3. 6.18
Time: 8 PM
Topic: Qualitative Research
Time: 8 PM
Topic: Qualitative Research
Rapporture : Smt Ankita Joshi
Summary :
Today the class about qualitative research methods. We learnt that:
Today the class about qualitative research methods. We learnt that:
Qualitative research has no numeric values. We try to understand different facets of qualitative research with the help of an example.
From the discussion on students committing suicide, we came to the conclusion that the reason behind this could be academic pressure low self care, administrative politics, other factors related to the peers such as bullying and gossip, other reasons might include the high Expectations of the society, vastly different personal expectations as compared to the parents etc. Life skills was another important aspect that was lacking in individuals who committed suicide. They were never prepared to deal with the dilemmas of life.
Thus from this we came to a rough classification:
1. Competition
2. Overburden
3. Teacher pressure
4. Parents pressure
5. Relative pressure
6. Politics in administration
7. Low self care
8. Ignorance about life skills
2. Overburden
3. Teacher pressure
4. Parents pressure
5. Relative pressure
6. Politics in administration
7. Low self care
8. Ignorance about life skills
From this we derived two broad aspects, Pressure and Self Management.
We then went on to discuss these criterias in detail.
Overburdening basically was defined as taking extra pressure, example, more than one courses, or signing up for too many tuition classes, which might be because of their own will, or due to parental pressure. Parents usually overburden the children with extra tuition, in order to make sure that nobody can raise a finger about the lack of facilities or opportunities provided by the parents towards the child's education.
Next we moved on to discuss the term self management.
Resource management, Negotiation skills, Organizational and leadership skils, Taking responsibility and problem solving skills were important aspects of the broad umbrella term self management. It deals with Self confidence in themselves, and the ability to accept mistakes and failures, to plan activities as per their level.
Resource management, Negotiation skills, Organizational and leadership skils, Taking responsibility and problem solving skills were important aspects of the broad umbrella term self management. It deals with Self confidence in themselves, and the ability to accept mistakes and failures, to plan activities as per their level.
Thus, we discussed different aspects of student depression and suicidal behaviour.
We followed quantitative approach like exploring, classifying without using numerical values to understand the above.
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Date:16. 5.18
Time: 8 PM
Topic: Limbic system and functions
Ankita Joshi summarizes "Today our topic was the limbic system.
Ankita Joshi summarizes "Today our topic was the limbic system.
*We learnt that the group of lobes in limbic system are the frontal lobe, the Temporal lobe and the parietal lobe. As Temporal lobe is it's part, dysfunction of limbic system leads to amnesia, as LTM is located in the temporal lobe. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for STM.
*Limbic system includes amygdala. Dysfunction of amygdala leads to Emotional control and formation of emotions. It helps trigger the fight and flight responses.
*The limbic system usually consists of the frontal lobe, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus and olfactory bulb.
The olfactory bulb acts on smells.
*The cingulate gyrus, another part of the limbic system, seems to contribute to the regulation of autonomic and endocrine responses,pain perception, and the selection and initiation of motor movements. The anterior part of the cingulate gyrus is mainly responsible for these.
*The posterior cingulate cortex, or PCC, lies just behind the anterior cingulate. Although it is believed the PCC has important roles in cognition and affect, there is some debate as to what exactly those roles are. Neuroimaging studies indicate the PCC is active during the recall of autobiographical memories. It is also activated by emotional stimuli, and thus some have suggested it may be recruited for the recall of memories that have an emotional quality (e.g. autobiographical memories).
Dysfunction of PCC may lead to Uncertainty in autobiographical memories, Emotional instability and confusion.
ysfunction of PCC may lead to Uncertainty in autobiographical memories, Emotional instability and confusion.
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5.5.18 (8-10PM)
We started off today by discussing with an example, a story, written by subject, based on a drawing, had 18 nouns in the sentence and only one adjective.
*With the help of drawings, story writing and parts of speech analysis, we understood that when we use adjectives we tend to use our right hemisphere, and when we use noun we tend to use our left hemisphere more, as the adjective qualifies noun. This happens at the right hemisphere is responsible for creativity and spatial ability. The adjectives that we use come from a good imagination.
* We learnt that the left hemisphere of the brain has the following functions:
Analytic thought, logic, language, reasoning, Science and Maths, written numbers and skills, and right handed control.
*The right hemisphere on the other hand is responsible for:
Art awareness, creativity, imagination, intuition insight, Holistic thought, music awareness, 3D forms, and left hand control.
* High vulnerability occurs when an individual is exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally. The ones who are more emotional use right hemisphere more.
*So therapy will be directed to coordinate with logic or left hemisphere.
*So therapy will be directed to coordinate with logic or left hemisphere.
5.5.18 (2-3PM)
In today's class we understood that:
*Recent memory is at the surface of LTM
*Sometimes events are associated with pleasant feelings so we can remember them.
They can be associated with negative or positive feelings.
*The term "flashbulb memory" suggests the surprise, indiscriminate illumination, detail, and brevity of a photograph; however flashbulb memories are only somewhat indiscriminate and are far from complete.
Flashbulb memories are one type of autobiographical memory. Some researchers believe that there is reason to distinguish flashbulb memories from other types of autobiographical memory because they rely on elements of personal importance, So flashbulb is associated with personal experience.
*Flashbulb memories have six characteristic features:
place,
ongoing activity,
informant,
own effect,
other effect, and
aftermath.
*Brown and Kulik believed that although flashbulb memories are permanent they are not always accessible from long term memory, so it is not an ordinary memory.
2.5.18
2.5.18
Students understood different parts of the lobe, how drawing can identify different abilities and how it can be used as neuropsychological problems.
Ankita concluded
Today in the class we first started off with understanding the position of the different lobes.
We understood that
*Visual retention is affected when Occipital lobe is impaired because primary and secondary visual cortex is here.
*Although Occipital lobe is the visual processing center, But Temporal lobe is responsible for visual retention.
We learnt with the help of an example,
A picture with pattern made from dots is presented for very brief seconds and patient draws the picture when it is taken out. We assess the iconic visual memory with the help of this.
*The patient was allowed to draw the figure by looking at it, we measure the counting accuracy ability.
*In the picture that the patient had drawn it was seen that the number of dots for more, this was because of emotional nature of the problem and not because of a problem in the temporal lobe.
Date:1.5.18
Time:2 PM
Topic: Speech and Brain
Norm: no advertising, no unrelated posting, self-introduction
Time:2 PM
Topic: Speech and Brain
Norm: no advertising, no unrelated posting, self-introduction
Ankita Joshiconcluded
Today on the topic of speech and brain we learnt that :
*Aphasia is an inability to comprehend and formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. It is an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write. It is always caused due to injury to the brain-most commonly from a stroke, particularly in older individuals.
These individuals have shown to perform very high in nonverbal or performance IQ tests.It means they are good in pass along test but not information subtest.
*Aphasia is of two types, Fluent or Receptive and Expressive or non-fluent.
Fluent or Receptive aphasia: The person can hear a voice or read the print, but may not understand the meaning of the message. This might have to do with damage in the Wernicke's area, as it deals with speech comprehension. Fluent aphasic have words but no meaning so can't comprehend.
Example:Person can not grasp the meaning of spoken words while the ease of producing connected speech is not much affected. - person suffers from fluent aphasia.
(paraphrasia: a speech defect characterized by incoherence in arrangement of words, not to be confused with aphasia)
Expressive aphasia or non-fluent: the person knows what he wants to say but he has difficulty communicating it to others. Expressive aphasic has difficulty in comprehension and words may lack meaning. Damage to the language network near the left frontal area of the brain usually (Broca aphasia, responsible for speech production) also called as non fluent.
Example: The person may understand speech relatively well and be able to read, but be limited in writing. - person suffers from expressive aphasia.
*Both the Broca's area and the Wernicke's area are located in the left hemisphere of the brain. The Broca's area is located in the frontal lobe and the Wernicke's area is located in the temporal lobe. Thus it can be said that these individuals have problem in the left hemisphere of the brain and not the right.
*Aphasia can be treated by activating the right side of the brain. As Rabindrik Psychotherapy makes balance between two hemispheres, it can be used to treat patients with Aphasia.
29.4.18
When you study Psychology sincerely you can give counselling to Depressive disorders. Today in #ddroypsytalk we discussed how verbal learning is associated with depression and how VL is affected by brain. Ankita Joshi concluded -
"Today we learnt that:
"Today we learnt that:
*The forebrain consists of cerebral cortex, cerebrum, left and right hemispheres. The cerebrum consists of the four lobes. The frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe.
* Long term memory is located in the *temporal lobe*. *Lesions* in the temporal lobe can lead to *impaired auditory sensation & perception,decreased selective attention of auditory & visual input, decreased visual perception, decreased organization and categorization of verbal material, decreased language comprehension decreased LTM, personality and affective behavioral changes, sexual behavior. Verbal learning requires categorization and it will be affected for lesion. Categorization failure leads to difficulty in comprehension. So, this categorization failure occurs due to decreased activity of LTM.*
*The frontal lobe is further divided into two parts, namely, diencephalon and telencephalon. The diencephalon contains thalamus and hypothalamus which control sensory and autonomic processes. Telencephalon contains the biggest part of brain, called cerebrum.
* Thalamus Identifies signals and sends to other parts of brain. Thalamus is a structure in the forebrain that receives informations and signals from various sense organs and identifies them and send it to other parts of the brain. It is also called great relay station for sensory and motor action. It is responsible for motor action and arousal. *Thalamus is also responsible for verbal learning as it encodes signal. When the thalamus is affected, in case of a stroke, the patient fails to encode.*
*Hypothalamus is placed below the thalamus. The word 'hypo’ stands for 'under’ or 'below’. It is a structure that acts like a linking pin between the nervous system and the endocrine systems through the pituitary gland.
28.4.18
Today in the class of verbal learning, we discussed on the implication of the functional definition of verbal learning.
Verbal learning is the learning through organisation of words in memory with stimulus characteristics.
Today we understood that pctures can facilitate verbal learning. We organize pictures and words and emotions together for new learning.
The images and thoughts which are created by words and pictures, helps us to organize the emotions to find meaning.
The images and thoughts which are created by words and pictures, helps us to organize the emotions to find meaning.
27.418
Ankita Joshi wrote :
Today on Verbal Learning, we talked about the following:
*Ebbinghaus did pioneering work on verbal learning. He did experiments with nonsense syllables.
*Nonsense syllables refer to the words that have no meaning to the subject.
*The rules for making nonsense syllables are
Words should not sound familiar
Z and G cant be used in the same word
Every word should not continue with same vowel.
First and last letter cannot be continous consonant or vice versa last and first
*Ebbinghaus observed forgetting occurs quickly immediately after learning.
*He followed serial leaning.Serial Learning involves having subjects learn a list of items according to the order in which the items appear in the list.
*Verbal learning follows paired associated learning.(The presentation of the first word evokes the response of the second word)
25.418
Class on Verbal learning is over. Ankita Joshi conclude :
From our today's discussion we can conclude that:
From our today's discussion we can conclude that:
**Learning* reffers to the relatively permanent changes in behavior that occurs as a result of practice and experience.
In the above definition we find several measurable characteristics.
1.First is change in behavior and it is relatively permanent.
This makes learning different from education, as in education, as behaviour change is not of utmost importance in education.
2.These change may be influenced by maturation but one can get change through practice and experience.
*The operational definition of a concept is important as it draws a line between similar constructs in order to avoid ambiguity.
**Verbal learning* refers to learning through association of words in memory with stimulus characteristics.
Verbal learning is the process of acquiring, retaining and recalling of verbal material. It is also the process of associations between a stimulus and a response, with both of them being verbal. Verbal learning includes organizing the stimulus material.
23.4.18
"Today's topic was conditioning.
We have learnt the following things today:
*Condition is a created circumstance to check the result in accordance to our expectation. So condition is related to expectation.
*When stimulus is associated with expectation, it becomes conditioned stimulus.
*In conditioning, unconditioned stimulus is associated with expectation. Which means we learn through conditioning.
*There are two approaches for associating stimulus with expectation, they are, classical and operant conditioning.
*Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Instrumental conditioning is another term for operant conditioning, a learning process first described by B. F. Skinner. In instrumental conditioning, reinforcement or punishment are used to either increase or decrease the probability that a behavior will occur again in the future.
* Reinforcement strengthens the likelihood of the occurrence of the desirable behavior. Negative reinforcement is the likelihood of increasing a behavior by withholding reward.
*There is a difference between reinforcement and reward. Reinforcement changes target behavior, reward or punishment may not change target behavior."
19.4.18
Any idea why NET aspirants failed in the exam?
#ddroypsytalk
Conclusion ( prepared by Ankita Joshi )
#ddroypsytalk
Conclusion ( prepared by Ankita Joshi )
We talked about what is basically assessed in NET. It mostly revolves around the reasoning ability as the individual who will qualify it will not only be teaching students but also will be taking part and research work. It is very important that the individual has good reasoning ability.
Most of the students that did not qualify, are not able to frame that questions. We learnt how to frame questions properly today with the help of the concept of Continuum and scale.
Most of the students that did not qualify, are not able to frame that questions. We learnt how to frame questions properly today with the help of the concept of Continuum and scale.
19.4.18
Yesterday concluding statement
(by Ankita Joshi )
#ddroypsytalk
Today we learnt that
There are three major types of variables, independent variable which refers to the stimulus which is manipulated by the experimenter,
The dependent variable or the response and the extraneous variable which we control so that it does not have any unwanted effect on the result.
We also learnt about intervening variable which helped explain the result between the independent and the dependent variable. Intervening variable can be manipulated and we usually type them and later on discard them.
We also learnt the difference between nominal scale and interval scale. The nominal scale consists of categories where as the interval scale consists of range.
(by Ankita Joshi )
#ddroypsytalk
Today we learnt that
There are three major types of variables, independent variable which refers to the stimulus which is manipulated by the experimenter,
The dependent variable or the response and the extraneous variable which we control so that it does not have any unwanted effect on the result.
We also learnt about intervening variable which helped explain the result between the independent and the dependent variable. Intervening variable can be manipulated and we usually type them and later on discard them.
We also learnt the difference between nominal scale and interval scale. The nominal scale consists of categories where as the interval scale consists of range.
16.4.18
We learnet today that
*A continuum is a sequence of events with several elements that are not perceptibly different. It is continuous but the extremes are quiet distinct
*A scale is a continuum with numbers
* A psychological scale is a Psychological continuum with numerical values to assess individual difference in behavior.
*Psychological scaling deals with assigning numerical values on a psychological continuum.
* Individual difference is the distinctiveness and variations among people's behavior.
*A continuum is a sequence of events with several elements that are not perceptibly different. It is continuous but the extremes are quiet distinct
*A scale is a continuum with numbers
* A psychological scale is a Psychological continuum with numerical values to assess individual difference in behavior.
*Psychological scaling deals with assigning numerical values on a psychological continuum.
* Individual difference is the distinctiveness and variations among people's behavior.
15.4.18
Drawing therapy (Part - 7): Signal detection theory, high level of multivariate statistics
Rabindrik approach of Drawing therapy is strongly based upon Cognitive Psychology.
Look at the picture - two ears are attached and not opened, hands are longer almost similar to body size, both hands are curved, one hand is used to process outside information, another hand is used to move out mouth, tounge is exposed from the selected mouth.
Design therapy based on Signal Detection theory.
a) Hit-Hit: Signal is what I want to say
b) False-alarm : I think the signal is right bu actually it is false
c) Miss: I miis the correct signal
d) Rejection: Signal is not similar to what I want to say
Look at the picture - two ears are attached and not opened, hands are longer almost similar to body size, both hands are curved, one hand is used to process outside information, another hand is used to move out mouth, tounge is exposed from the selected mouth.
Design therapy based on Signal Detection theory.
a) Hit-Hit: Signal is what I want to say
b) False-alarm : I think the signal is right bu actually it is false
c) Miss: I miis the correct signal
d) Rejection: Signal is not similar to what I want to say
Adaptive behaviour of client: Noise is coming from ears and I miss the correct signal, so the ears will be closed, I must use my head as brain is there instead of ears for filtering signal.
of ears for filtering signal.
14.4.18
Free for NET aspirants
Date: 15.4.18
Time: 10 AM
Topic: Perceptual process
Eligibility : NET aspirants in Psychology
Venue: ddroypsytalk
Discussion completed : We've started with perception, sensation, attributes of sensation we went through Psychophysics and structuralism and discussed threshold and types, determinants of perception, Gestalt principles of perception -
Closure, continuity, figure and ground, proximity
Time: 10 AM
Topic: Perceptual process
Eligibility : NET aspirants in Psychology
Venue: ddroypsytalk
Discussion completed : We've started with perception, sensation, attributes of sensation we went through Psychophysics and structuralism and discussed threshold and types, determinants of perception, Gestalt principles of perception -
Closure, continuity, figure and ground, proximity
