Training on SPSS and R Programming in Psychological Research

Aim of this training is to disseminate knowledge about basic statistics in SPSS and R Programming

	Time	Topic
1st Day	10-00:11:00 AM	Psychological data complexity, Introduction to SPSS and R -Programming
	11-00: 12:00	Description of SPSS and R-studio windows
	12-00:1-00	Qualitative data analysis
	1-00:2-00	Lunch
	2-00:3-00	Import and exporting file
	3-00:4-00	Variable types and transformation, SPSS syntax introduction, Data vectors in R-Programming
	4-00:6-00	Data frame: creation, structuring, summary, extracting data from data frame, data frame expansion
2nd Day	10-00:11:00 AM	Data errors and Management
	11-00: 12:00	Data shaping and transpose
	11-00:12-00	Logical operators
	12-00:1-00	Relational operators
	1-00:2-00	Lunch
	2-00:3-00	Data summarization : Data location, data spread, data categorization
	3-00:4-00	Mean differences between groups and more than two groups
	4-00:5-00	Statistics of Association and correlation
	5-00:6-00	Validectory

SPSS:   Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was developed for the social sciences and was the first statistical programming language for the PC. It was developed in 1968 at the University of Stanford and eight years later the company SPSS Inc. was founded, which was bought by IBM in 2009.

R: R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team. In 2000 the University of Auckland released the first version of R, a programming language primarily focused on statistical modeling and was open sourced under the GNU license. One of the major advantages of open source tooling is that the community continuously improves and increases functionality. R was created by academics, who wanted their algorithms to spread as easily as possible. R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems like Linux, Windows and Mac. R was initially written by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the Department of Statistics of the University of Auckland in Auckland, New Zealand. R made its first appearance in 1993.

SPSS & R
a. Programming knowledge

In both software,  high level programming knowledge is not very important. It is important in writing the syntax. Programming knowledge is minimal in R. Below is the syntax of Correlation in SPSS.


GET
   FILE='D:\backup 30-04-13\D folder\Research folders\E-drive\tania\Discriminant fn N[1].A Tanya.sav'.
 DATASET NAME DataSet1 WINDOW=FRONT.
 CORRELATIONS
   /VARIABLES=EI5 EI7
   /PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG
   /MISSING=PAIRWISE.


The syntax is not very important in analysis of data through 'click' technique.

in R studio, the syntax is

cor.test(x,y)

b. Progrmming support









R is easily to learn for programmers, however, a lot of analysts don’t have a background in programming. R has the steepest learning curve from all, it’s the most difficult one to start with. But once you get the basics, it gets easier soon.